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Quick answer: Hyperpigmentation happens when an area develops more melanin or pigment is distributed differently. Common triggers include inflammation, acne, ultraviolet and visible-light exposure, hormones, skin injury and certain medications. The pattern matters because prevention and treatment differ by cause.
Melanocytes make melanin and transfer it to surrounding skin cells. This pigment helps absorb ultraviolet radiation, but signaling from inflammation, hormones and light exposure can increase production or create uneven distribution. Deeper pigment often appears gray or blue and can be slower to improve than surface brown pigment.
| Type | Typical trigger or pattern |
|---|---|
| Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation | Flat brown, gray or purple marks after acne, eczema, a burn, picking or another injury |
| Sun-induced spots | Localized marks on chronically exposed areas |
| Melasma | Symmetrical facial patches influenced by light, hormones and genetic factors |
| Medication- or condition-related pigment | New or widespread change associated with a medicine or health condition |
All skin tones can develop discoloration, but post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is often more frequent or persistent in melanin-rich skin. Visible light can also contribute to melasma and pigmentation. Learn more in hyperpigmentation across different skin tones.
Vitamin C offers antioxidant and cosmetic brightening support, but it does not identify the cause. Use the vitamin C serum for dark spots routine after you understand the pattern, and compare other options in the ingredient guide for hyperpigmentation.
Arrange an evaluation for a rapidly changing or irregular lesion, a mark that bleeds, widespread unexplained pigmentation, a change after medication, suspected melasma, or discoloration that persists despite gentle care. Early diagnosis matters more than trying another cosmetic serum.
This page is educational and cannot diagnose a pigmented lesion or medical condition.
